The calcaneus or heel bone, which forms the base of the rearfoot, is the largest in the foot. The heel bone makes direct contact with the ground when standing or walking, so it plays a vital role in supporting one’s body weight as it helps to transmit and transfer forces when standing or in motion.
The shape of the heel bone is unique as it connects with tendons, ligaments, and bones to form joints within the foot and ankle that are essential for proper function and movement. The heel bone has specific mechanical functions, such as providing shock absorption by reducing the effect of forces created during physical activities.
Fractures in the Heel Bone
Fractures to the heel bone can be painful and significantly impact mobility. Calcaneal fractures can range from mild to severe and happen for a variety of reasons, including –
- Trauma
- Slip and falls
- Sports injuries
- Accidents
Symptoms of Heel Bone Fractures
Various symptoms depend on the type and severity of the fracture –
- Pain, swelling, and bruising
- Difficulty bearing weight
- In serious instances, the displacement of the heel bone
Diagnosing and Treating Heel Bone Fractures
Podiatrists diagnose a heel bone fracture using various imaging studies – i.e., X-rays or CT scans and more. Treatment for calcaneal fractures will depend on the type and severity of the fracture. Various fracture types include the following –
- Extra-articular fractures are often managed non-surgically as they don’t involve a joint surface.
- Intra-articular fractures involve joints and often require surgery.
- Open fractures carry an additional risk of infection as they break the skin.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
A stable, non-displaced (or minimally displaced) fracture of the heel bone may be treated with these conservative interventions or treatments –
- Casting or splinting - A cast or splint is designed to immobilize the affected foot for several weeks, allowing the fracture the time it needs to heal naturally.
- Rest and elevation - An injured heel bone is best rested when you raise the foot above heart level to reduce swelling and encourage healing.
- OTC/Prescription NSAIDs - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may help reduce inflammation and stay on top of pain.
Surgical Treatment Options
Displaced or more complicated fractures may require surgery, as this is the procedure that realigns and stabilizes the foot bone. Surgical options vary but may include an Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) or External Fixation.
Rehabilitating Fractures in the Heel Bone
Recovery time for a heel bone fracture varies, sometimes widely, because it depends on the type and severity of the fracture and the preferred treatment approach. Options for heel bone rehabilitation typically include –
- After a splint or cast is removed (or following surgery), physical therapy is often recommended. Physical therapists can help you regain the foot and ankle’s strength, gait, function, and range of motion so that you can return to your daily routine.
- Standing or putting weight on the foot may initially be limited but increase gradually as the recovery process progresses and your foot returns to normal functioning.
- OTC Orthotic Devices are cost-effective inserts for shoes that help improve the foot’s alignment and offer comfort and strength during the rehab process.
- Custom-made Orthotics may be prescribed by a podiatrist as they help tailor the support, comfort, and alignment for your specific issue and foot.
Note that it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible should you suspect you fractured your heel bone. To heel optimally and avoid complications, long-term recovery outcomes are often positively influenced by a prompt diagnosis, and an appropriate plan of treatment is important because potential complications can include –
- Post-traumatic arthritis
- Soft tissue issue
- Nerve damage
Treatment decisions should be made by a podiatrist or other healthcare professional based on the fracture’s characteristics and the patient.